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Usage: The software can be used without installation for printing labels of chemicals (both English and Chinese).  The chemicals listed in the reference booklet "Classification and Labelling of Dangerous Substances Commonly Used in Industry" can be found in the software.

Sample of printout:

Download: The above software can be downloaded from the following website:

http://www.oshc.org.hk/eng/news/NewsDetail.asp?newsid=212 

or directly from

http://www.oshc.org.hk/download/news/212/537/Chemical.zip (About 8MB)

 

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What advantage do we have if we use a computer to simulate an experiment ?  This reminds me a conversation with Dr J Holbrook when we watched an animation of titration.  If we can allow students to carry out the real experiment in a laboratory, why bother to carry out a titration simulation using computer.  If the computer can do a real volumetric analysis, not a simulation, do we need to assess titration technique ?   We did not come up to any conclusion.  The following links are the simulations of two experiments in rate of reaction.  Please justify the use of them in learning and teaching.  

http://chung.sk.tripod.com/08/colorimeter.swf

http://chung.sk.tripod.com/08/rate1.swf

 

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氨和漂白劑是常見家用清潔劑,可除污漬、消毒、殺菌和除臭。然而,這些化學品的包裝總是有以下的警告:

“注意:不要混合漂白劑和氨清潔劑!”

基本化學

家用漂白液一般是5%的次氯酸鈉溶液,OCl-(aq)。氨清潔劑是5-10%氨的水溶液,NH3(aq),常見例子包括一般家用清潔劑、去蠟劑、窗戶清潔劑和烤箱清潔劑。

 

把含氯漂白水和含氨清潔劑混合,會生成一個具潛在毒性統稱為氯胺的化合物。這些有毒的氯胺氣體,有辛辣刺鼻性質,可以腐蝕黏膜。有香味的漂白劑都往往妨礙人檢測這些有害氣體自然能力。

 

化學概念

氨(NH3)和次氯酸離子(OCl-)進行反應,氯原子取代氨分子中的一個或多個氫原子,產生3種不同氯胺,也就是說,這些氯胺是氨的衍生物。按照氯的取代程度,這些氯胺分別稱為氯胺(NH2Cl)、二氯胺(NHCl2)和三氯化氮(NCl3):

OCl- + NH3 à OH- + NH2Cl

OCl- + NH2Cl à OH- + NHCl2

OCl- + NHCl2 à OH- + NCl3

 

氯胺辛辣和刺激性的氣味經常被誤以為是泳池的「氯氣味」。當消毒用的次氯酸鈉和人們產生含氮的廢物起作用時,會生成氯胺。

 

在過量氨的環境下,次氯酸鈉離子和氨可生成肼(N2H4),肼是另一有毒及具有潛在爆炸性物質:

OCl- + NH3 à NH2Cl + OH-

NH2Cl + NH3 + OH- à N2H4 + Cl- + H2O

 

工業應用

工業上製備肼,即在1907年開始使用的Raschig process,就是利用次氯酸鈉與鹼性溶液中氨的反應。

 

資料來源 Chemistry Connections2003),頁182-183

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You may use the following video clip present in 係咪小兒科 (第23集) in teaching the reaction between acid and carbonate / bicarbonate.

Link: http://mytv.tvb.com/variety/areyousmarterthan5thgrade2/101978/860#page-1

At time duration: 16′46"

The question is as follows:

In an empty bottle containing white vinegar, which of the following substances, upon addition to the bottle, will result with the expansion of the balloon?

A. alum

B. baking powder

C. soda powder

The given answer is C.

What do you think?

Teaching tips

Ask your students to

1. search from the internet the chemical constituent(s) present in alum, soda powder and baking powder; and

2. write appropriate equations to illustrate their explanation.

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The concepts involved in the movie clip will be suitable for most AL chemistry students, and will be a bit challenging to NSS chemistry students.  If needed, teachers can provide more guidance for their students.

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This experiment is to provide students with learning experience related to organic synthesis.  In particular, students will learn a number of practical skills: heating under reflux, suction filtration and re-crystallisation.  In addition, students have to handle quantitative problems: determining the percentage yield and the limiting reagent of a reaction.  This experiment can be completed in two 40-minute lessons.  The amounts of chemicals required are small. 

Please see the draft documents, in English and Chinese, for details.  Click here to download (updated on 6 Nov 09).

Acknowledgment :

  • Dr LL YEUNG and Dr Dennis CHAN, University of Science and Technology
  • Ms SC CHU and her team, Hong Kong True Light Middle School
  • Ms Anita LEUNG and her team, Ho Fung College (Sponsored by Sik Sik Yuen)
  • Mr WC LO and his team, S.K.H. Li Ping Secondary School

reflxu_al_block_tlms.jpg

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以下是一個動畫,有英語旁白,重點說明鹽固體生成溶液的過程。

學生可以從動畫中了解宏觀世界的現象和微觀世界中物質的結構的關係。此外,教師可以引導學生進一步探索其他類型物質的特性。

http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/molvie1.swf

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Volumetric analysis is the common method in determining the amount of hypochlorite or free chlorine in bleach. From the following website, you can find another suggestion for analysing the chlorine content of swimming pool water or bleach - using a colorimeter (Experiment 9.1). This is a good idea for students to carry out a scientific investigation on analysing chlorine content of swimming pool water or bleach using either instrumental method or quantitative method, or both.

Reference website: http://chemistry.slss.ie/ch_mandatoryexperiments.html

The experimental manual: colorimetric-experiment-on-swimming-pool-water.doc

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"Know the number", please click the following link.

http://www.dbcca.com/dbcca/EN/;jsessionid=A9D5DDD87D244A9D59C808D8DC0E0451.internet1

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